High blood pressure affects more than one in four people in the UK, although many people will not realise it. This is due to the condition rarely showing symptoms in the initial stages. It is often dubbed the “silent killer” however, as symptoms reveal themselves when it is serious – posing grave health risks. Equally as invisible is a certain health risk that can elevate blood pressure, according to a recent study.

“Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke regardless of whether the smoker is still in the room.

“Our study in non-smokers shows that the risk of high blood pressure (hypertension) is higher with longer duration of passive smoking – but even the lowest amounts are dangerous,” said study author Professor Byung Jin Kim, of Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

The study, presented EuroHeartCare 2019, a scientific congress of the European Society of Cardiology, found that Passive smoking at home or work was linked with a 13 percent increased risk of hypertension.

Living with a smoker after age 20 was associated with a 15 percent greater risk.

Exposure to passive smoking for ten years or more was related to a 17 percent increased risk of hypertension. Men and women were equally affected.

Participants with hypertension were significantly more likely to be exposed to secondhand smoke at home or work (27.9 percent) than those with normal blood pressure (22.6 percent).

ypertension was significantly more common in people exposed to passive smoke at home or work (7.2 percent) compared to no exposure (5.5 percent).

High blood pressure is the leading global cause of premature death, accounting for almost ten million deaths in 2015, and those affected are advised to quit smoking.

Previous research has suggested a link between passive smoking and hypertension in non-smokers.

But most studies were small, restricted to women, and used self-reported questionnaires in which respondents typically over-report never-smoking.

The results suggest that it is necessary to keep completely away from secondhand smoke

Professor Kim, study author

This is the first large study to assess the association between secondhand smoke and hypertension in never-smokers verified by urinary levels of cotinine, the principal metabolite of nicotine.

It included 131,739 never-smokers, one-third men, and an average age of 35 years.

“The results suggest that it is necessary to keep completely away from secondhand smoke, not just reduce exposure, to protect against hypertension,” said Professor Kim.

“While efforts have been made around the world to minimise the dangers of passive smoking by expanding no smoking areas in public places, our study shows that more than one in five never-smokers are still exposed to secondhand smoke.

“Stricter smoking bans are needed, together with more help for smokers to kick the habit. Knowing that family members suffer should be extra motivation for smokers to quit,” he added.

According to the NHS, other risk factors associated with high blood pressure include:

• High salt intake
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Being overweight
• Not getting enough exercise
• Not getting the recommended out of sleep

“Making healthy lifestyle changes can help reduce your chances of getting high blood pressure and help lower your blood pressure if it’s already high,” explained the health body.

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